1.main()
{
clrscr();
}
clrscr();
No output/error
The first clrscr() occurs inside a function. So it becomes a function call. In the second clrscr(); is a function declaration (because it is not inside any function).2. enum colors {BLACK,BLUE,GREEN}
main()
{
printf("%d..%d..%d",BLACK,BLUE,GREEN);
return(1);
}
0..1..2
{
char far *farther,*farthest;
printf("%d..%d",sizeof(farther),sizeof(farthest));
}
4..2
the second pointer is of char type and not a far pointer4.main()
{
int i=400,j=300;
printf("%d..%d");
}
400..300
printf takes the values of the first two assignments of the program. Any number of printf's may be given. All of them take only the first two values. If more number of assignments given in the program,then printf will take garbage values.5.main()
{
char *p;
p="Hello";
printf("%c\n",*&*p);
}
H
* is a dereference operator & is a reference operator. They can be applied any number of times provided it is meaningful. Here p points to the first character in the string "Hello". *p dereferences it and so its value is H. Again & references it to an address and * dereferences it to the value H.
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int n, sum = 0, remainder;
printf("Enter an integer\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
while(n != 0)
{
remainder = n % 10;
sum = sum + remainder;
n = n / 10;
}
printf("Sum of digits of entered number = %d\n",sum);
return 0;
}
For example if the input is 78, sum(variable) is 0 initially 78%10 = 8 (% is modulus operator which gives us remainder when 98 is divided by 10). sum = sum + remainder so sum = 8 now. 78/10 = 7 because in c whenever we divide integer by another integer we get an integer. 7%10 = 7
sum = 8(previous value) + 7 sum = 15
7/10 = 0. So finally n = 0, loop ends we get the required sum.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int year;
printf("Enter a year to check if it is a leap year\n");
scanf("%d", &year);
if ( year%400 == 0)
printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);
else if ( year%100 == 0)
printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);
else if ( year%4 == 0 )
printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);
else
printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);
return 0;
}
1.#define square(x) x*x
main()
{
int i;
i = 64/square(4);
printf("%d",i);
}
64Explanation:
the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i = 64/4*4 . Since / and * has equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4 = 642.main()
{
char *p="hai friends",*p1;
p1=p;
while(*p!='\0') ++*p++;
printf("%s %s",p,p1);
}
Answer:ibj!gsjfoet
++*p++ will be parse in the given order3.#include‹stdio.h›
- *p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken
- ++*p the retrieved value will be incremented
- when ; is encountered the location will be incremented that is p++ will be executed
Hence, in the while loop initial value pointed by p is 'h', which is changed to 'i' by executing ++*p and pointer moves to point, 'a' which is similarly changed to 'b' and so on. Similarly blank space is converted to '!'. Thus, we obtain value in p becomes “ibj!gsjfoet†and since p reaches '\0' and p1 points to p thus p1doesnot print anything.
#define a 10 main() { #define a 50 printf("%d",a); }Answer:
50Explanation:
The preprocessor directives can be redefined anywhere in the program. So the most recently assigned value will be taken.
main()
{
clrscr();
printf("%d\n",clrscr());
}
100
Preprocessor executes as a seperate pass before the execution of the compiler. So textual replacement of clrscr() to 100 occurs.The input program to compiler looks like this :
main()
{
100;
printf("%d\n",100);
}
{
printf("%p",main);
}
Some address will be printed.
Function names are just addresses (just like array names are addresses). main() is also a function. So the address of function main will be printed. %p in printf specifies that the argument is an address. They are printed as hexadecimal numbers.
1.#include‹stdio.h›
main()
{
int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8} };
int *p,*q;
p=&a[2][2][2];
*q=***a;
printf("%d----%d",*p,*q);
}
SomeGarbageValue---1
p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays, but you are trying to access the third 2D(which you are not.2.#include‹stdio.h›
main()
{
struct xx
{
int x=3;
char name[]="hello";
};
struct xx *s;
printf("%d",s->x);
printf("%s",s->name);
}
Answer: Compiler Error
You should not initialize variables in declaration.3.#include‹stdio.h›
main()
{
struct xx
{
int x;
struct yy
{
char s;
struct xx *p;
};
struct yy *q;
};
}
Answer:Compiler Error
The structure yy is nested within structure xx. Hence, the elements are of yy are to be accessed through the instance of structure xx, which needs an instance of yy to be known. If the instance is created after defining the structure the compiler will not know about the instance relative to xx. Hence for nested structure yy you have to declare member.4.main()
{
printf("\nab");
printf("\bsi");
printf("\rha");
}
hai
\n - newline5.main()
\b - backspace
\r - linefeed
{
int i=5;
printf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",i++,i--,++i,--i,i);
}
45545
The arguments in a function call are pushed into the stack from left to right. The evaluation is by popping out from the stack. and the evaluation is from right to left, hence the result.#define square(x) x*x main() { int i; i = 64/square(4); printf("%d",i); }Answer:
64Explanation:the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i = 64/4*4 . Since / and * has equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4 = 64
1.main()
{
char string[]="Hello World";
display(string);
}
void display(char *string)
{
printf("%s",string);
}
Compiler Error : Type mismatch in redeclaration of function display
In third line, when the function display is encountered, the compiler doesn't know anything about the function display. It assumes the arguments and return types to be integers, (which is the default type). When it sees the actual function display, the arguments and type contradicts with what it has assumed previously. Hence a compile time error occurs.2.main()
{
int c=- -2;
printf("c=%d",c);
}
c=2;
Here unary minus (or negation) operator is used twice. Same maths rules applies, ie. minus * minus= plus.3.#define int char
main()
{
int i=65;
printf("sizeof(i)=%d",sizeof(i));
}
sizeof(i)=1Explanation:
Since the #define replaces the string int by the macro char
{
int i=10;
i=!i>14;
printf("i=%d",i);
}
Answer:i=0
In the expression !i>14 , NOT (!) operator has more precedence than ‘ >’ symbol. ! is a unary logical operator. !i (!10) is 0 (not of true is false). 0>14 is false (zero).5.#include‹stdio.h›
main()
{
char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','\0'};
char *p,*str,*str1;
p=&s[3];
str=p;
str1=s;
printf("%d",++*p + ++*str1-32);
}
77
p is pointing to character '\n'. str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p. "p is pointing to '\n' and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10, which is then incremented to 11. The value of ++*p is 11. ++*str1, str1 is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b' is 98.
Now performing (11 + 98 - 32), we get 77("M");
So we get the output 77 :: "M" (Ascii is 77).
{
extern int i;
i=20;
printf("%d",i);
}
Linker Error : Undefined symbol '_i'
extern storage class in the following declaration,2.main()
extern int i;
specifies to the compiler that the memory for i is allocated in some other program and that address will be given to the current program at the time of linking. But linker finds that no other variable of name i is available in any other program with memory space allocated for it. Hence a linker error has occurred .
{
int i=-1,j=-1,k=0,l=2,m;
m=i++&&j++&&k++||l++;
printf("%d %d %d %d %d",i,j,k,l,m);
}
0 0 1 3 1
Logical operations always give a result of 1 or 0 . And also the logical AND (&&) operator has higher priority over the logical OR (||) operator. So the expression 'i++ && j++ && k++' is executed first. The result of this expression is 0 (-1 && -1 && 0 = 0). Now the expression is 0 || 2 which evaluates to 1 (because OR operator always gives 1 except for '0 || 0' combination- for which it gives 0). So the value of m is 1. The values of other variables are also incremented by 1.3.main()
{
char *p;
printf("%d %d ",sizeof(*p),sizeof(p));
}
Answer:1 2
The sizeof() operator gives the number of bytes taken by its operand. P is a character pointer, which needs one byte for storing its value (a character). Hence sizeof(*p) gives a value of 1. Since it needs two bytes to store the address of the character pointer sizeof(p) gives 2.4.main()
{
int i=3;
switch(i)
{
default:printf("zero");
case 1: printf("one");
break;
case 2:printf("two");
break;
case 3: printf("three");
break;
}
}
three
The default case can be placed anywhere inside the loop. It is executed only when all other cases doesn't match.5.main()
{
printf("%x",-1<<4);
}
fff0
-1 is internally represented as all 1's. When left shifted four times the least significant 4 bits are filled with 0's.The %x format specifier specifies that the integer value be printed as a hexadecimal value.
void main()
{
int const * p=5;
printf("%d",++(*p));
}
Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value.
p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried to change the value of the "constant integer".
main()
{
char s[ ]="man";
int i;
for(i=0;s[ i ];i++)
printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);
}
Answer:mmmmExplanation:
aaaa
nnnn
s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea. Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s] may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i].
main()
{
float me = 1.1;
double you = 1.1;
if(me==you)
printf("I love U");
else
printf("I hate U");
}
Answer:I hate UExplanation:
For floating point numbers (float, double, long double) the values cannot be predicted exactly. Depending on the number of bytes, the precession with of the value represented varies. Float takes 4 bytes and long double takes 10 bytes. So float stores 0.9 with less precision than long double.Rule of Thumb:
Never compare or at-least be cautious when using floating point numbers with relational operators (== , >, <, <=, >=,!= ).
4.main()
{
static int var = 5;
printf("%d ",var--);
if(var)
main();
}
5 4 3 2 1
When static storage class is given, it is initialized once. The change in the value of a static variable is retained even between the function calls. Main is also treated like any other ordinary function, which can be called recursively.5.main()
{
int c[ ]={2.8,3.4,4,6.7,5};
int j,*p=c,*q=c;
for(j=0;j<5;j++) {
printf(" %d ",*c);
++q; }
for(j=0;j<5;j++){
printf(" %d ",*p);
++p; }
}
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 6 5
